Ko ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā takirere PRV, he wāhanga tino nui i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, inā koa i roto i ngā whare he whakakikorua ACM. Kua hangaia ēnei takirere hei pupuri i te pēhanga wai ōrite, he mea nui hei whakarite i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ture mō te haumaru ahi. E ai ki tētahi rangahau i whakahaerehia e te Tari Ahi o te Tāone o Los Angeles, neke atu i te 75% o ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga 413 i whakamatautauria i hiahiatia kia whakatikatikahia anō, kia whakatikatikaina rānei, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou hiranga nui ki te pupuri i te pono o te pūnaha. Hei tāpiri, ka whakatinanahia e te National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ngā tikanga whakamātautau pakari mō ēnei takirere hei ārai i te pēhanga nui me te whakamana i te haumaru i ngā wā ohorere. Ko ngā otinga pono, pērā ingā takirere aukati pēhangame ngā hononga putanga o te takirere wai o te ao, he mea nui hei tiaki i ngā oranga me ngā taonga i roto i ngā aituā e pā ana ki te ahi.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga (PRV)kia mau tonu te pēhanga wai i roto i ngā pūnaha ahi. Mā tēnei ka pai te mahi a ngā pūnaha i ngā wā ohorere.
• Te tirotiro me te whakatika i ngā PRVHe mea tino nui i ētahi wā. Ka kitea wawe ngā raruraru, ka aukati i ngā hapa, ā, ka noho haumaru te tangata.
• Me whai PRV ngā whare he paninga ACM hei whakatutuki i ngā ture ahi. Ka whakaora i ngā oranga, ka tiaki hoki i ngā whare mai i ngā tūponotanga ahi.

Te Tūranga o ngā Takirere Whakahaere Pēhanga i roto i te Whakaiti Ahi

He aha te takirere whakahaere pēhanga?

He taputapu motuhake te takirere whakahaere pēhanga i hangaia hei whakahaere me te pupuri i te pēhanga wai ōrite i roto i tētahi pūnaha. Mā tēnei ka noho tonu te pēhanga i roto i ngā rohe haumaru me te mahi, ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o te tuku wai. He mea nui ēnei takirere i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, he mea nui te pēhanga wai pumau mō te mahi whai hua i ngā wā ohorere.

He maha ngā tauira o ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga, ia tauira e hāngai ana ki ngā tono motuhake. Hei tauira, ko te tauira 90-01 he hoahoa tauranga katoa e pupuri ana i te pēhanga pumau i raro, e pai ana mō ngā pūnaha rere-rahi. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tauira 690-01, me tōna hoahoa tauranga iti, e tuku ana i ngā mahi rite engari he pai ake mō ngā pūnaha e hiahia ana ki ngā reiti rere iti. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i ēnei whakatakotoranga hangarau:

Tauira	Whakaahuatanga
90-01	Putanga putanga katoa o te takirere whakaiti pēhanga, i hangaia hei pupuri i te pēhanga pumau i raro iho.
690-01	Ko te putanga putanga iti o te takirere whakaiti pēhanga, ka pupuri pai hoki i te pēhanga o raro.

He mea nui ēnei takirere hei whakarite kia pai te mahi a ngā pūnaha tinei ahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Te Mahi a ngā Takirere Whakahaere Pēhanga i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakaiti Ahi

He mea nui te mahi a ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i roto ingā pūnaha tinei ahimā te whakahaere i te rere me te pēhanga o te wai. Ina whakahohehia he pūnaha tinei ahi, ka whakatikatika te takirere i te pēhanga wai kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha. Mā tēnei whakatikatika ka ārai i te pēhanga nui rawa, ka kino pea te pūnaha, ka whakaiti rānei i tōna whai huatanga.

Ka mahi te takirere mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā tikanga ā-roto, tae atu ki te diaphragm me te puna. Ina uru te wai ki te takirere, ka rongo te diaphragm i te taumata pēhanga. Mena ka nui ake te pēhanga i te rohe kua whakaritea, ka pēhia te puna, ka whakaitihia te tere rere me te whakahoki i te pēhanga ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana. Mā tēnei tukanga ka whakarite kia tukuna e te pūnaha te wai i te pēhanga tino pai hei tinei ahi.

Mā te pupuri i te pēhanga wai ōrite, ka whakarei ake ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i te pono me te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha tinei ahi. Ka whakarite kia tae te wai ki ngā wāhi katoa o te whare, tae atu ki ngā mea kei ngā teitei ake, kei tawhiti atu rānei i te pūtake wai. He mea tino nui tēnei āheinga i roto i ngā whare he paninga ACM, ka taea e te tinei ahi tere me te whai hua te ārai i ngā kino kino.

Ngā Tūponotanga Ahi i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakakikorua ACM me te Hiranga o ngā PRV

Te Mārama ki ngā Tūponotanga Ahi i roto i te Whakatakotoranga ACM

He nui ngā mōrearea ahi mō ngā pūnaha whakakikorua Rauemi Whakakotahi Konumohe (ACM) nā te hanganga o aua mea. He tino mura ngā panera he matua polyethylene (PE), inā koa ko ērā he iti te matotoru o te PE (LDPE). I whakaatuhia e te rangahau a McKenna me ētahi atu, ko ngā matua LDPE he nui ake te tere tuku wera (pHRR) tae atu ki te 55 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā panera ACM haumaru, tae atu ki te 1364 kW/m². E whakaatu ana tēnei tatauranga whakamataku i te tere horapa o te ahi i roto i ngā whare he pēnei te whakakikorua. I tua atu, i tuhia e te rangahau he tuku wera katoa (THR) o te 107 MJ/m² mō ngā matua LDPE, e whakanui ana i tō rātou kaha ki te tahu i ngā ahi nui.

I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau tauine waenga i whakahaerehia e Guillame me ētahi atu he nui ake te tere o te tuku wera o ngā panera ACM me ngā matua PE ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu rauemi. I ahu mai tēnei rerekētanga i te nui ake o te ihirangi polymer i roto i ngā matua PE, e tere ake ai te tahunga. Waihoki, i kōrero a Srivastava, Nakrani, me Ghoroi i te pHRR o te 351 kW/m² mō ngā tauira ACM PE, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou ngāwari ki te tahunga. E whakaatu tahi ana ēnei kitenga i te pikinga ake o ngā mōrearea ahi e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha whakakikorua ACM, inā koa ko ērā kei roto ngā matua PE.

He rerekē ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā whare he paninga ACM i ngā wā ohorere ahi. Ka taea e te tukunga tere o te wera me te horapa o ngā mura te whakararu i ngā huarahi whakawātea me te whakararu i ngā mahi tinei ahi. He whai huangā pūnaha tinei ahi, me ngā wāhanga pono pēnei i ngā takirere whakahaere pehanga, he mea nui hei whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea me te tiaki i ngā oranga.

Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga ahi i roto i ngā pūnaha whakakikorua ACM e ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga

Ngā takirere whakahaere pēhangaHe mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga ahi i roto i ngā whare he paninga ACM. Mā ēnei takirere ka whakarite kia ōrite te pēhanga wai puta noa i te pūnaha tinei ahi, kia taea ai te tuku wai ki ngā wāhi e pāngia ana. I roto i ngā whare he paninga ACM, ka tere te mura o ngā ahi, he mea nui te pupuri i te pēhanga wai tino pai hei whakahaere i ngā mura me te ārai i ngā kino atu.

Ina whakahohehia he pūnaha tinei ahi, ka whakatikatikahia e te takirere whakahaere pēhanga te rere o te wai kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha. Mā tēnei whakatikatika ka ārai i te pēhanga nui rawa, ka kino pea te pūnaha, ka whakaiti rānei i tōna whai huatanga. Mā te tuku wai i te pēhanga tika, ka whakarite te takirere kia pai te mahi a ngā pīrere me ngā ngongo, ahakoa i roto i ngā whare teitei, i ngā wāhi rānei e tawhiti atu ana i te pūtake wai.

Ka whakarei ake hoki ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i te pono o ngā pūnaha tinei ahi i roto i ngā whare kua whakakikoruatia ki te ACM. Mā te kaha o ēnei takirere ki te pupuri i te pēhanga pumau ka taea te tae atu o te wai ki ngā wāhi katoa, tae atu ki ngā wāhi teitei ake. He mea nui tēnei kaha mō te whawhai i ngā ahi e whakakāhia ana e ngā matua mura o ngā panera ACM. Mā te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te tukunga wera tere me te horapa o te mura, ka whai wāhi ēnei takirere ki ngā taiao whare haumaru ake.

Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i ngā whare kia tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru ahi. He maha ngā wā ka whakahaua e ngā whakahaere ture te whakamahi i ēnei takirere i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi kia mau tonu ai te mahi i ngā wā ohorere. Ehara i te mea ka tiakina noa ngā oranga engari ka tiakina hoki ngā taonga mai i ngā kino nui o te ahi.

Tohutohu:He mahi matatau te tāuta i ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga ki roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, e whakaiti ana i ngā tūponotanga ahi i roto i ngā whare he whakakikorua ACM. Ka whakarei ake te tiaki me te tirotiro auau i tō rātou whai huatanga, kia pai ai te mahi i te wā e tika ana.

Ngā Painga o ngā Takirere Whakahaere Pēhanga i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakakikorua ACM

Te Pupuri i te Pēhanga Wai Pūmau i ngā Wā Āhuatanga Ohorere

Mā ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga ka whakarite kia ōrite te pēhanga wai i ngā wā ohorere ahi, he mea nui ki te tinei ahi. Ka whakarerekētia e ēnei takirere te rere o te wai kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha, ka ārai i ngā rerekētanga ka pā kino ki te mahi. I roto i ngā whare he paninga ACM, ka tere horapa ngā ahi, mā te pupuri i te pēhanga pumau ka whakarite kia tae te wai ki ngā wāhi katoa, tae atu ki ngā teitei ake, ki ngā rohe tawhiti rānei.

Mā te tuku wai i te pēhanga tino pai, ka whakarei ake ēnei takirere i te whai huatanga o ngā pīrere me ngā ngongo, ka taea ai e ngā kaipatu ahi te whakahaere i ngā mura kia pai ake te whakahaere. Ka nui ake te hiranga o tā rātou mahi i roto i ngā hanganga teitei, i ngā wāhi ka taea e ngā rerekētanga pēhanga i puta mai i te kaha ā-papa te aukati i ngā mahi tinei ahi. Mā te whakahaere pēhanga pono ka whakarite kia pai te mahi a ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, kia tiakina ai ngā oranga me ngā taonga i ngā wā ohorere.

Te Ārai i te Nui rawa o te Pēhanga me te Whakapai ake i te Pono o te Pūnaha

Ka āraihia e ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga te nui rawa o te pēhanga, ka kino pea ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, ka whakaiti hoki i tō rātou pono. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau o mua me ngā raraunga o te mara i tō rātou whai huatanga:

• E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau parae he 0.4% noa iho te ōrau rahunga ia tau i roto i te wā tirotiro 30-marama, me te taumata whakapono 95%.
• E whakaatu ana te tātari whakahōunga ka nui ake te pono o ēnei takirere i te roanga o te wā, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou pakari me ō rātou kaha ārai.

Mā te pupuri i te pēhanga ōrite, ka whakaitihia e ēnei takirere te pakaru me te haehae o ngā wāhanga pūnaha, ka roa ake te roa o te ora, ā, ka whakarite kia pono te mahi. Mā te kaha ki te ārai i te pēhanga nui ka whakaitihia hoki te mōrearea o te rahunga o te pūnaha i ngā wā tino nui, ka whakarei ake i te pono whānui.

Te Whakapūmau i te Whakatutukitanga ki ngā Paerewa Haumaru Ahi

He mea nui te mahi a ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga hei āwhina i ngā whare kia tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru ahi pakari. E whakahau ana ngā whakahaere ture pēnei i te National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) kia whakamahia i roto i ngā whare.ngā pūnaha tinei ahikia rite ai te pēhanga me te rere.

Taunakitanga	Whakaahuatanga
Te Whakatutukitanga o te NFPA 20	He mea nui ngā takirere whakahaere pehanga hei pupuri i te pehanga me te rere e tika ana i roto i ngā pūnaha tiaki ahi, e ai ki ngā paerewa NFPA 20.
Te Whakaritenga mō te Pūrere Haumaru	E whakahau ana te NFPA 20 kia tāutahia ngā Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga hei ārai i te pēhanga nui rawa i roto i ngā pūnaha tiaki ahi.

Hei tāpiritanga, ko ngā ratonga whakamātautau me te tiwhikete mō ēnei takirere e whai ana i ngā paerewa tāutanga NFPA, e whakarite ana kia tutukihia ngā ture haumaru ahi. I whakanuia e te ahi i te tau 1991 i One Meridian Plaza te hiranga o te whakatakoto tika i ngā takirere whakaiti pēhanga hei pupuri i te pēhanga e tika ana mō ngā mahi tinei ahi. Mā te piri ki ēnei paerewa, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te haumaru ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga engari ka tiaki hoki i ngā whare mai i ngā pānga ture me ngā pānga pūtea e pā ana ki te kore tutuki i ngā ture.

Te Tiaki me te Whakatutuki i ngā Tikanga mō ngā Takirere Whakahaere Pēhanga

Te Hiranga o ngā Arotakenga me te Tiaki Auau

Ngā tirotiro me ngā mahi tiaki auauHe mea nui ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga hei whakarite i tōna pono me tōna mahi. Mēnā ka warewarehia ēnei wāhanga nui, ka pā mai pea he hua kino, tae atu ki te rahunga o ngā taputapu me ngā tūponotanga haumaru. Hei tauira:

• I te wā o te tirotiro, i puta ai he turuturu matū morearea nā te kore mahi o te takirere, ā, i pāngia ai ngā kaimahi e ngā matū paitini, ā, i hua ake ai he raruraru hauora nui.
• Me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā taputapu motuhake te rapu raruraru, te whakatika, me te tirotiro i ngā takirere haumaru hei ārai i ngā aituā.

Mā te tiaki auau ka āwhina i te tautuhi i te pakaru, te waikura, ngā turuturu pea rānei i mua i te horapa hei raruraru nui. Ko ngā tikanga pai mō te tiaki i ēnei takirere ko:

Te Mahi Pai rawa atu	Whakaahuatanga
Tirotiro Auau	Tāutuhia te pakaru, te waikura, te turuturu rānei mā te tirotiro i ia wā.
Whakarerekētanga	Kia mau tonu te tautuhinga tika mā te whakatikatika i te takirere i ia wā.
Te Horoi me te Whakahinuhinu	Horoia, whakahinuhinuhia hoki ngā wāhanga e neke ana kia rite ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga.
Te Whakakapinga o ngā Wāhanga Kua Pakaru	Whakakapia wawetia ngā wāhanga kua pakaru kia pai ai te mahi.

Mā te piri ki ēnei tikanga, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere whare te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā takirere whakahaere pehanga me te whakarei ake i te haumaru whānui o ngā pūnaha tinei ahi.

Te piri ki ngā Ture Haumaru Ahi mō ngā Pūnaha Whakakikorua ACM

He mea nui te whakatutukitanga o ngā ture haumaru ahi mō ngā whare he pūnaha whakakikorua ACM. E whakahau ana ngā whakahaere ture kia whakamahia ngāngā takirere whakahaere pēhangahei whakarite i te pēhanga wai ōrite i ngā wā ohorere. Mā te whai i ngā aratohu kua whakaritea ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea, ā, ka whakarite kia mahi pai te pūnaha i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana.

E whakamārama ana ngā pānui hangarau i ētahi tikanga pai mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga:

Te Mahi Pai rawa atu	Whakaahuatanga
Ngā Whakaritenga Pēhanga Tika	Kia mau tonu te pēhanga ki te iti rawa e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a ngā kaihanga.
Te Aronga Tika	Tāutahia ngā takirere kia tika ai hei karo i ngā raruraru mahi.
Te Whakamautanga Haumaru	Whakaitihia ngā wiri me te ahotea ā-mīhini mā te whakamau haumaru.
Ngā Tātari me ngā Tātari	Tāutahia ki runga i te awa hei ārai i te kino o ngā paru, hei pupuri hoki i te rere o te wai.

Haunga te tāutanga, he mea nui ngā tirotiro auau me te piri ki ngā ture whakahaere haumaru. Ehara i te mea ko ēnei mahi anake hei tiaki i ngā oranga me ngā taonga engari hei āwhina hoki ki te karo i ngā pānga ture me ngā pānga pūtea e pā ana ki te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Me noho mataara tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere whare ki te whakatinana i ēnei paerewa hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kainoho me te pono o ngā pūnaha tinei ahi.

---

He mea nui ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga mō te haumaru ahi mō ngā pūnaha whakakikorua ACM. Ka pupuri tonu i te pēhanga wai kia rite, kia pai ai te mahi a ngā pūnaha tinei ahi i ngā wā ohorere. Kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i tā rātou mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga ahi me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru pakari. Me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakahaere whare te whakaurunga me te tiaki i a rātou hei tiaki i ngā oranga me ngā taonga.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o te takirere whakahaere pēhanga i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi?

Ko te roa o te ora o tētahi takirere whakahaere pēhanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahinga me te tiaki. Mēnā ka tirotirohia auautia, ka tiakina tika hoki, ka roa pea ēnei takirere mō te 10-15 tau, neke atu rānei.

Kia pēhea te auau o te tirotiro i ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga?

Ka tūtohu ngā tohunga kia tirotirohia ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i ia tau.Ngā tirotiro auauāwhina ki te tautuhi i te pakaru, te waikura, ngā turuturu rānei, kia pai ai te mahi i ngā wā ohorere ahi.

He mea whakahau kia whakamahia ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga mō ngā whare he whakakikorua ACM?

Ae, ko te nuinga o ngā ture haumaru ahi e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i roto i ngā whare he whakakikorua ACM. Mā ēnei takirere ka whakarite kia ōrite te pēhanga wai, ka whakarei ake i te pono o te pūnaha tinei ahi.

Tuhipoka:Me tirotiro tonu i ngā ture me ngā paerewa haumaru ahi ā-rohe kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā takirere whakahaere pehanga.