Kupu Whakataki

Mō ngā pūwero ahi moana, he tohu nui atu i te tutuki noa i ngā whakaritenga taketake te Tohu Wira: e whakaatu ana kei te tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga o te Marine Equipment Directive mō te whakamahi i runga i ngā kaipuke haki-EU me ētahi atu kaipuke e whai ana i ngā paerewa ōrite. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea he wāhanga nui ngā pūwero ahi mō te haumaru me tirotirohia, me tirotirohia ngā tuhinga, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere uaua i te moana. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā mea e hipokina ana e te tiwhikete MED, me pēhea te hononga o te Tohu Wira ki te whakamātautau me te whakahaere whakaputa, me te aha e pā ai ki te whakaae kaipuke, ngā whakataunga hoko, me te tūponotanga ki ngā utu pupuri, whakakapinga rānei. I runga i taua horopaki, ka tirohia e ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei ngā hua mahi me ngā hua ture o te whiriwhiri i ngā pūwero kua whakamanahia, kāore rānei i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

He aha te Hiranga o te Tohu Wira mō ngā Pūwero Ahi

Ko te Marine Equipment Directive (MED) 2014/90/EU e whakatū ana i tētahi anga ture pakari mō ngā taputapu haumaru moana, e whakaaturia ana e te Tohu Wira o te hanganga ture. Mōngā pūwero ahii runga i ngā kaipuke arumoni, ehara tēnei tiwhikete i te tohu noa iho okounga; he whakaritenga ture tino pakari tēnei mō ngā kaipuke e rere ana i te haki o tētahi whenua mema o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, tae atu ki ngā kaipuke o te ao e piri ana ki ngā paerewa moana ōrite. E tohu ana te Tohu Wira kua paahitia e ngā taputapu ngā whakamātautau whakaae momo tino pakari, ā, ko tekaihangae pupuri ana i tētahi taiao whakaputa e tino whakahaerehia ana.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūwero ahi kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka puta he mōrearea ture, pūtea, me ngā mōrearea whakahaere nui. E hiahiatia ana e ngā taiao moana he taputapu e kaha ana ki te tu atu i te waikura nui o te wai tote, te mahi pēhanga teitei, me ngā piki me ngā heke tere o te pāmahana. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā pānga ture me ngā pānga mahi o te Tohu Wira mō ngā kaihanga kaipuke, ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā waka, me ngā tohunga hoko e whakahaere ana i ngā taonga tinei ahi moana.

Pānga ki te whakaae me ngā tirotiro waka

Ko te aroaro me te mana o te Tohu Wira ka pā tika ki te whakaae o te kaipuke i ngā wā tirotiro a te Mana Whakahaere o te Tauranga (PSC). Ka arotakehia e ngā kaitirotiro ngā taputapu haumaru; ko ngā pūwero ahi kāore i te whai tuhinga MED tika, kāore rānei he tohu ā-tinana, he take tonu tēnei mō ngā pūrongo ngoikore. I ngā wā tino kino, ka taea e ngā taputapu haumaru nui kāore i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te arahi ki te aukati i te kaipuke.

He nui te pānga pūtea o ēnei pupuri. Ka pāngia pea tētahi kaipuke arumoni kua whakaroa e te mate mahi o ia rā, mai i te $20,000 ki te $50,000, kāore i te whakaurua ngā whiu pea, ngā rā kati rānei mō te hunga reti kaipuke. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te kaipuke e te hītori pupuri ki ngā kanohi o ngā kaituhi inihua me ngā kaiwhakarewa inihua, ā, ka waiho te piripono ki ngā whakaritenga a Wheel Mark hei wāhanga nui o te whakahaere mōrearea moana.

Te whanaungatanga ki ngā whakaritenga SOLAS, akomanga, me te haki

Ko te MED te tikanga a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi mō te whakatinana i te Kawenata ā-Ao mō te Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS), inā koa ko te Upoko II-2, e whakahaere ana i te tiaki ahi, te kimi ahi, me te tinei ahi. Ahakoa ko te SOLAS te paerewa whānui o te ao, ka whakamaoritia e te MED ēnei whakahau ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau motuhake me ngā kawa whakamātautau mō ngā kaipuke haki-Ūropi.

Ko ngā rōpū whakarōpūtanga, pērā i a DNV, Lloyd's Register, me Bureau Veritas, he maha ngā wā ka mahi hei Rōpū Whakamōhio i raro i te anga MED. Ka whakahaerehia e ēnei whakahaere ngā whakamātautau me ngā arotake e hiahiatia ana hei tuku tiwhikete Tohu Wira. Ko te kaipuke e whakahaerehia ana i raro i te haki o te EU me tutuki 100% ngā paerewa MED mō āna taputapu haumaru ture. He maha ngā wā ka whakaaetia, ka whakahaua rānei e ngā whenua ehara i te haki o te EU te tiwhikete Tohu Wira, me te titiro he paerewa koura e tutuki ai ā rātou ake whakamaoritanga ā-motu mō ngā whakaritenga SOLAS.

Ngā mea e hipokina ana e te Tiwhikete MED

Ko te tiwhikete MED mō ngā pūwero ahi he aromatawai whānui i te hoahoa o te hua me ngā āheinga whakaputa a te kaihanga. Ka whakarōpūhia e te aratohu ngā taputapu moana ki ngā tūemi motuhake; ko ngā pūwero ahi momo-rua te kaupapa ka taka ki raro i te tūemi MED/3.55. Hei whiwhi tiwhikete, me whakaatu e ngā kaihanga kei te tutuki ā rātou pūwero i ngā paearu mahi kua whakarārangihia i roto i ngā paerewa Pākehā kua whakatauritea, ko te raupapa EN 15182 te nuinga, e tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā paipa peka ringaringa mō te whakamahinga ratonga ahi.

Te whānuitanga o te hua me ngā ara whakaae

Ko te ara whakaae mō te Tohu Wira e hiahia ana kia whakakotahihia ngā waeine aromatawai hanganga ture. Ko te ara tino noa ko te Wahanga B (Whakamātautau Momo EC) me te Wahanga D (Whakaū Kounga Whakaputa). I raro i te Wahanga B, ka whakamatautauria e te Rōpū Whakamōhiotia he tauira o te pūwero ahi kia tino tutuki ai te hoahoa i ngā whakaritenga EN 15182 me SOLAS katoa e tika ana.

Kia paahitia te tauira, me pupuri e te Module D he pūnaha whakahaere kounga kua whakaaetia, e hangai ana kiISO 9001, mō te hanga, te tirotiro hua whakamutunga, me te whakamātautau. Tērā atu huarahi, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te hono i te Module B me te Module E (Te Whakaū Kounga Hua) te Module F rānei (Te Manatoko Hua), ahakoa ko te Module D tonu te paerewa ahumahi mō te hanga nui, auau hoki o ngā taonga haumaru nui.

Te hoahoa, ngā rauemi, me te mahi pēhanga

Ko te tiwhikete Wheel Mark e kī ana he tino pakari me te mahi pēhanga, e hipa ana i ngā tumanakohanga ahumahi paerewa. Me hanga ngā pūwero ahi mai i ngā rauemi kua whakamātauhia hei ātete ki te taiao moana tino waikura. Ko te tikanga, he whakamātautau rehu tote pakari tēnei, me ngā taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga MED e hiahiatia ana kia tu atu i te iti rawa o te 240 hāora o te whakaaturanga tonu me te kore e pakaru te mahi.

He mea nui anō hoki te mahi pēhanga. I raro i te EN 15182, ka whakamātauhia ngā pūwero wai hei whakarite i te hanganga pai. Me tu atu te pūwero mō te pēhanga mahi mōrahi o te 16 pae ki te pēhanga whakamātautau o te 1.5 ngā wā o taua nui (24 pae) me te kore e rerekē te āhua, te turuturu rānei. Ka manatokohia te kaha ki te pupuri i te tauira rehu ōrite me te neke maeneene mai i te rerenga totoka ki te kohu tiaki i raro i te pēhanga teitei mā roto i ngā whakamātautau ā-tinana.

Te tohu, te tuhi tuhinga, me te whakahaere wheketere

He whakaritenga tino kaha a te MED te tohu ā-tinana. Me mau tonu te tohu Tohu Wīra i roto i te pūwero ahi e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, kua tāia, kua whakairohia rānei ki roto i te tinana. Me haere tahi tēnei tohu me te tau tautuhi o te Rōpū Whakamōhiotia nāna i whakahaere te tirotiro whakaputa (hei tauira, 0575 mō te DNV) me ngā mati e rua whakamutunga o te tau i whakapirihia ai te tohu (hei tauira, '23′ mō te tau 2023).

He rite tonu te hiranga o ngā tuhinga ki te tohu ā-tinana. Me whakauru he Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga (DoC) i roto i ia uta, he tuhinga ture kua hainatia e te kaihanga e kī ana kei te tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga MED. Hei pupuri i tēnei tūnga, ka arotakehia ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga o te wheketere i ia tau e te Rōpū Whakamōhiotia kia kore ai e neke te reiti hapa, me te arotahi ki raro iho i te 0.1% mō ngā wāhanga haumaru nui.

Ngā Pūwero Ahi MED vs Non-MED

Ahakoa te āhua ōrite o ngā pūwero ahi ahumahi, ā-tāone rānei ki ō rātou hoa kua whakamanahia e te moana, he rerekē rawa te hangarau taketake, te kōwhiringa rauemi, me te whakapapa ture. Ko te ngana ki te whakakapi i tētahi pūwero ahi paerewa mō tētahi waeine kua whakamanahia e te MED i runga i tētahi kaipuke kua whakamanahia he hapa nui ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga e whakararu ana i ngā āheinga urupare ohorere.

Ngā rerekētanga o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te whakamātautau

Ko te rerekētanga hangarau matua kei roto i te pakari o ngā rauemi me te pakari o te whakamātautau. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā pūwero kore-MED mai i te konumohe paerewa, i ngā kirihou hiato rānei kua arotauhia mō te taumaha me te utu i roto i ngā taiao wai māori. He rerekē, me whakamahi ngā pūwero whaimana MED i te parahi kounga moana, te parahi pū whakarewa, ngā koranu konumohe moana kua whakakoitia kia pakari hei ārai i te waikura konukōre ina pāngia e te wai moana.

He tino rerekē ngā whakamātautau. Ahakoa ka taea te whakamātautau i tētahi pūwero ā-rohe mō te mahi taketake, ka whakamatautauria te tauira pūwero MED i roto i te huringa ora katoa. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā whakamātautau taka ki runga i ngā papa rino mai i te teitei o te 2 mita, te huringa pāmahana tino kino, me te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e ngā wiri e kitea ana i roto i ngā rūma miihini me ngā papa matua.

Ngā tauwhitinga whakahaere me te pūtake

Mā te hoko taputapu whaimana MED ka puta he taupatupatu motuhake e pā ana ki te utu me te tere o te mekameka tuku. Ko ngā whakapainga hangarau, ngā rauemi kounga teitei, me ngā utu arotake tonu e pā ana ki te Tohu Wheira ka hua ake he utu nui.

I te toharite, ko te utu mō tētahi pūwero ahi whaimana MED he 30% ki te 60% te nui ake i tētahi pūwero ahumahi paerewa. Hei tāpiri, ka pāngia te wātea o ngā pūwero paerewa e ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga pakari. Ahakoa ka taea te tiki i ngā pūwero paerewa i roto i ngā rā torutoru, ko ngā ota ritenga, ngā ota nui rānei o ngā pūwero whaimana MED he maha ngā wā tatari o te 4 ki te 8 wiki hei whakatutuki i te whakaritenga whakaputa Module D.

Ngā Hipanga Manatoko a te Kaihoko me te Whare Hanga kaipuke

Mō ngā āpiha hoko o ngā papa kaipuke me ngā kaiwhakahaere kaipuke, he kawenga nui te whakarite kia whai mana te tiwhikete o ngā pūwero ahi kua hokona. Mā ngā taputapu haumaru rūpahu, ngā hapa whakahaere rānei ka ara ake he aukati nui ki te mahi, ka whakakahoretia ngā tuku kaipuke, ka rahua rānei ngā rangahau ā-tau.

Me pēhea te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete Tohu Wīra

Me whakamana ngā āhuatanga e rua: te tuhinga matihiko me te tirotiro ā-tinana. Me whakamana tuatahi ngā kaihoko i ngā tiwhikete Module B me Module D a te kaihanga ki te pātengi raraunga hua MarED, te putunga mana o Ūropi mō ngā taputapu moana kua whakaaetia. Me ōrite ngā tau tiwhikete i tukuna e te kaiwhakarato ki ngā tāurunga hohe i roto i te pātengi raraunga.

Kia tae mai ngā pūwero, me whakataurite e ngā kaitirotiro te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga (DoC) me ngā tohu kei runga i te taputapu. Me tino ōrite te nama o te Tinana Whakamōhiotia me te tau i hangaia ai kua tāia ki te tinana pūwero ki ngā taipitopito kei runga i te DoC. Mēnā he rerekētanga, pērā i te tānga tau ngaro, te tiwhikete Module D kua pau rānei i te wā i hangaia ai, ka kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te taputapu.

Ngā whakaroa noa mō te hoko me te kawe waka

He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā taputapu Sourcing Wheel Mark e ngā raruraru whakahaere, inā koa e pā ana ki ngā tuhinga. Mēnā ka ngaro, ka hē rānei te whakatakotoranga o te Whakapuakitanga Whakaaetanga, ka taea te whakaroa i te tukunga o ngā taonga tuku iho mā te 3 ki te 7 rā te toharite, i te mea kei te tirotirohia haeretia e ngā mana whakahaere tauranga ngā kawemai haumaru moana.

Hei tāpiritanga,ngā kaihokome whai whakaaro ki ngā Rahinga Ota Iti rawa (MOQ). Nā te mea he nui te rauemi e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i tētahi oma whakaputa e tutuki ana i te aroturukitanga o te Module D, ka whakatakoto pea ngā kaihanga i ngā MOQ o te 50 ki te 100 waeine mō ngā whirihoranga pūwero motuhake. Ki te kore e matapaetia ēnei here, ka taea te whakararu i ngā wā hanga kaipuke, te whakaroa rānei i ngā wā tiaki kaipuke nui.

Ngā whakaaro mō te hokohoko muri me te whakakapinga

Ko te huringa ora o te pūwero ahi e tohu ana me whakakapi ā tōna wā nā te mea kua pakaru, kua pakaru tinana, kua ngaro rānei. Ina whakakapia he pūwero i runga i tētahi waka kua whakaritea, me ōrite te whakakapinga ki ngā whakaritenga MED. Ko te whakamahi i tētahi pūwero kāore i te whai tiwhikete hei ārai rangitahi ka takahi i ngā ture SOLAS, ā, ka taea te whakakore tonu i ngā tiwhikete haumaru me te kapinga inihua o te waka.

Me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakahaere kaipuke kia whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga muri-hokohoko te DoC taketake kua hainatia me ia pūwero whakakapinga. He mea whakahau kia mau tonu he pūranga matihiko me te pūranga ā-tinana o ēnei tuhinga i runga i te kaipuke, nā te mea ka tonohia ēnei e ngā kaitirotiro PSC i ngā wā tirotiro o ia rā o te pūnaha matua ahi.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te pūwero ahi tika

Ko te whiriwhiri i te pūwero ahi kua whakamanahia e te MED e kore e uru noa ki te tirotiro i tētahi pouaka tutuki. Me hono pai ngā taputapu ki te hanganga matua ahi o te kaipuke, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga rautaki a te kapa e whakamahi ana i te wā ohorere. Mā te huarahi rautaki ki te whiriwhiri ka whakaitihia ngā utu huringa ora, ka whakanuia hoki te haumaru o runga kaipuke.

Ngā paearu whakatau matua mō te kōwhiringa e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga

Ko ngā paearu matua mō te whiriwhiri ko te whakataurite i te mahi waipēhi o te pūwero ki ngā āheinga o te papu ahi o te kaipuke. Me tautuhi e ngā kaihoko te tere rere me te pēhanga whakahaere e hiahiatia ana, hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwero kua arotauhia mō te 400 rita ia meneti (L/min) i te pēhanga matua ahi paerewa o te 6 pae. Hei tāpiri, me tutuki i te pūwero ngā tawhiti maka motuhake; ko te tikanga me whiwhi te SOLAS i te iti rawa o te maka o te 12 mita mō te pupuhi totoka kia taea ai e ngā kaimahi te tinei i ngā ahi mai i te tawhiti haumaru.

Me whiriwhiri rauemi i runga i te wāhi tāutanga. Ko ngā pūwero e whakanohoia ana ki runga i ngā papa huarere, e pāngia tika ana e te rehu moana me te huarere kino, me pai ake te whakamahi i te parahi, te parahi rānei, kia roa ai te ora, ahakoa te taumaha. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā pūwero kei roto i ngā wāhi nohoanga o roto ka taea te whakamahi i ngā koranu konumohe māmā ake, kua pania ki te kōhatu hei whakaiti i te ngenge o te kapa i te wā e whakatūria ana.

Me pēhea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mahi anō me te tirotiro

Hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā rahunga tirotiro me ngā whakaroa mahi utu nui, me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā kaipuke he tauira pūwero ahi puta noa i ā rātou kaipuke. Mā te whakarite he māmā ake te whakangungu kaimahi, ka whakangawari ake i te tukanga arotake mō ngā kaitirotiro, ā, ka whakaiti i te uaua o te hoko.

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he rautaki tino whai hua te pupuri i tētahi rārangi motuhake o ngā wāhanga tāpui kua whaimanahia hei whakaiti i te mōrearea. E taunaki ana ngā mahi pai o te umanga kia puritia he 10% o ngā rārangi tāpui o ngā pūwero kua whaimanahia e te MED me ō rātou DoC e rite ana i runga i te kaipuke, i tētahi pokapū whakahaere matua rānei. Mā tēnei ārai ka ārai i ngā ota ohorere 'Waka Rererangi i runga i te Whenua' (AOG) mō ngā wāhanga moana, ka taea te utu i ngā utu utanga nui o te 200% ki te 300% i runga ake i ngā utu tuku paerewa hei whakatau i te korenga ohorere o te PSC.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ngā whakatau me ngā take matua mō ngā Pūwero Ahi
• Ngā whakaritenga, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā arowhai mōrearea e tika ana kia whakamanahia i mua i tō whakaae
• Ngā mahi whai muri me ngā whakatūpato ka taea e ngā kaipānui te tono tonu

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te tikanga o te Tohu Wira i runga i te pūwero ahi?

E whakaatu ana tēnei kei te tutuki te pūwero i ngā whakaritenga a te EU Marine Equipment Directive mō te whakamahinga moana. Mō ngā kaipuke haki-EU, ka whakaūhia te hoahoa kua whakaaetia, te mahi kua whakamatautauria, me te whakaputanga kua whakahaeretia.

Me whiwhi tiwhikete MED ngā pūwero ahi katoa?

Kāo. Ko te tiwhikete MED te mea nui e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taputapu moana ture i runga i ngā kaipuke haki-EU. Me whakamahi pea ētahi atu whakaaetanga mō ngā pūwero ahumahi, hanga whare, me ngā pūwero ehara i te moana.

He aha ngā tuhinga me tono e ngā kaihoko me te pūwero ahi kua whai tiwhikete MED?

Pātai atu mō ngā taipitopito o te Tohu Wira, te tiwhikete MED, ngā mōhiohio mō te kōwae pēnei i te B+D, me te tapanga hua ka taea te whai. He āwhina tēnei i ngā arotake akomanga me ngā tirotiro tauranga.

He aha te pānga o ngā pūwero ahi kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ki ngā mahi a te kaipuke?

Ka taea e rātou te whakaoho i ngā ngoikoretanga o te PSC, te whakaroa i te whakaae o ngā kaipuke, tae atu ki te aukati i a rātou. Ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā utu whakakapinga, ngā take tirotiro, me ngā raruraru pea o te reti kaipuke, o te inihua rānei.

Ka taea e NBWorldFire te whakarato i ngā pūwero ahi kua whakamanahia e te MED mō ngā kaupapa moana?

Āe. He ratonga a NBWorldFire ki ngā kaihoko moana me ngā kaihoko ahumahi B2B o te ao, ā, e tuku ana hoki i ngā taputapu tiaki ahi kua whaimana. Whakaūtia te tauira pūwero tika, te whānuitanga whakaae, me te mākete ūnga i mua i te tono.